Objective: To determine the relation between exposure to glycaemia over time and the risk of macrovascular or microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Design: Prospective observational study.
Setting: 23 hospital based clinics in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
Participants: 4585 white, Asian Indian, and AfroCaribbean UKPDS patients, whether randomised or not to treatment, were included in analyses of incidence; of these, 3642 were included in analyses of relative risk.
Outcome measures: Primary predefined aggregate clinical outcomes: any end point or deaths related to diabetes and all cause mortality. Secondary aggregate outcomes:myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation (including death from peripheral vascular disease), and microvascular disease (predominantly retinal photo coagulation). Single end points: nonfatal heart failure and cataract extraction. Risk reduction associated with a 1% reduction in updated mean HbA1c adjusted forpossible confounders at diagnosis of diabetes.
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